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The broadcast signal can be either analog (signal is varied continuously with respect to the information) or digital (information is encoded as a set of discrete values). [18] [19] Historically, there have been several methods used for broadcasting electronic media audio and video to the general public:
Public broadcasting (or public service broadcasting) involves radio, television, and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service.Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing, and commercial financing, and claim to avoid both political interference and commercial influence.
The fairness doctrine of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that fairly reflected differing viewpoints. [1]
The Electronic Frontier Foundation argues that "the only thing the Broadcasting Treaty is good for is crushing innovation" They argued that it would allow broadcasters unfair and absolute control over other copyright holders, and even works in the public domain; and that nearly all broadcasts are already protected by copyright. [5]
That decision was sustained by the Supreme Court in a 1943 decision, National Broadcasting Co. v. United States, which established the framework that the "scarcity" of radio-frequency meant that broadcasting was subject to greater regulation than other media. [7] This Blue Network network became the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).
The elements of a simple broadcast television system are: . An image source. This is the electrical signal that represents a visual image, and may be derived from a professional video camera in the case of live television, a video tape recorder for playback of recorded images, or telecine with a flying spot scanner for the transfer of motion pictures to video).
Convergence is the sharing and cross-promoting of content from a variety of media, all of which, in theory, converge and become one medium. In broadcast news, the internet is a key to convergence. Frequently, broadcast journalists also write text stories for the Web, usually accompanied by the graphics and sound of the original story.
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom , or by a broadcast network .