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TKIP employs a per-packet key, meaning that it dynamically generates a new 128-bit key for each packet and thus prevents the types of attacks that compromised WEP. [4] WPA also includes a Message Integrity Check, which is designed to prevent an attacker from altering
In Shared Key authentication, the WEP key is used for authentication in a four-step challenge–response handshake: The client sends an authentication request to the access point. The access point replies with a clear-text challenge. The client encrypts the challenge-text using the configured WEP key and sends it back in another authentication ...
WPA implemented a subset of a draft of 802.11i. The Wi-Fi Alliance refers to their approved, interoperable implementation of the full 802.11i as WPA2, also called RSN (Robust Security Network). 802.11i makes use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher, whereas WEP and WPA use the RC4 stream cipher. [1]
The primary enhancement over WPA is the inclusion of the AES-CCMP algorithm as a mandatory feature. Both WPA and WPA2 support EAP authentication methods using RADIUS servers and preshared key (PSK). The number of WPA and WPA2 networks are increasing, while the number of WEP networks are decreasing, [34] because of the security vulnerabilities ...
The most common solution is wireless traffic encryption. Modern access points come with built-in encryption. The first generation encryption scheme, WEP, proved easy to crack; the second and third generation schemes, WPA and WPA2, are considered secure [7] if a strong enough password or passphrase is used.
WEP, in comparison, merely concatenated the initialization vector to the root key, and passed this value to the RC4 routine. This permitted the vast majority of the RC4 based WEP related key attacks. [5] Second, WPA implements a sequence counter to protect against replay attacks. Packets received out of order will be rejected by the access point.
For example, the China NB continued to insist that WAPI was justified because 802.11 included WEP, which is known to be broken. On the other side, the US NB and the IEEE 802.11 NB noted that WEP-based security had been deprecated in favour of WPA2-based security in IEEE 802.11-2007, and that no one had ever alleged any issues with WPA2-based ...
As a result, only static WEP or WPA keys may be used in a WDS connection, including any STAs that associate to a WDS repeating AP. OpenWRT, a universal third party router firmware, supports WDS with WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed-Mode encryption modes. Recent Apple base stations allow WDS with WPA, though in some cases firmware ...