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AMD64 (also variously referred to by AMD in their literature and documentation as “AMD 64-bit Technology” and “AMD x86-64 Architecture”) was created as an alternative to the radically different IA-64 architecture designed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard, which was backward-incompatible with IA-32, the 32-bit version of the x86 architecture.
The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture (i186, i286, i386, i486, i586/i686) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also known as AMD64). Original 8086/8088 instructions
Microsoft releases Windows Vista, including a 64-bit version for AMD64/EM64T processors that retains 32-bit compatibility. In the 64-bit version, all Windows applications and components are 64-bit, although many also have their 32-bit versions included for compatibility with plug-ins. [citation needed] 2007
An x86-64 processor acts identically to an IA-32 processor when running in real mode or protected mode, which are supported modes when the processor is not in long mode.. A bit in the CPUID extended attributes field informs programs in real or protected modes if the processor can go to long mode, which allows a program to detect an x86-64 processor.
AMD was the first to introduce the instructions that now form Intel's BMI1 as part of its ABM (Advanced Bit Manipulation) instruction set, then later added support for Intel's new BMI2 instructions. AMD today advertises the availability of these features via Intel's BMI1 and BMI2 cpuflags and instructs programmers to target them accordingly. [2]
The AMD64 extensions from AMD (originally called x86-64) added a further eight registers XMM8 through XMM15, and this extension is duplicated in the Intel 64 architecture. There is also a new 32-bit control/status register, MXCSR. The registers XMM8 through XMM15 are accessible only in 64-bit operating mode.
Due to a lack of success with Intel's Itanium and Itanium 2 processors, AMD was able to introduce x86-64, a 64-bit extension to the x86 architecture. Intel followed suit by including Intel 64 (formerly EM64T; it is almost identical to AMD64 ) in the 90 nm version of the Pentium 4 (" Prescott "), and a Xeon version codenamed " Nocona " with 1 MB ...
AMD K6-2 – an improved K6 with the addition of the 3DNow! SIMD instructions. AMD K6-III Sharptooth – a further improved K6 with three levels of cache – 64 KB L1, 256 KB full-speed on-die L2, and a variable (up to 2 MB) L3. AMD K7 Athlon – microarchitecture of the AMD Athlon classic and Athlon XP microprocessors. Was a very advanced ...