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Article 14 permits classification, so long as it is 'reasonable', but forbids class legislation. A classification of groups of people is considered reasonable when: [6] The classification is based upon intelligible differentia that distinguishes persons or things that are grouped from others that are left out of the group, and,
The Preamble of the Constitution of India – India declaring itself as a country. The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections are considered vital elements of the ...
The words sovereignty and integrity are the qualities to be cultivated/emulated by Indian people as urged by the Constitution but not used related to the territory of India. Article 1 of Part 1 of the Indian constitution, defines India (Bharat) as a Union of states. In a nutshell, India "is its people, not its land", as enshrined in the ...
For one thing, in recognizing that the Constitution's Indian Commerce and Treaty Clauses denotes such a relationship for Indian Tribes, Morton v. Mancari' s outcome "was expressly predicated on the fact that the challenged preference involved a tribal, rather than racial, classification" (39).
The concept of reasonableness has two related meanings in law and political theory: . As a legal norm, it is used "for the assessment of such matters as actions, decisions, and persons, rules and institutions, [and] also arguments and judgments."
[3]: 273 When reasons for impounding her passport was sought, the Government of India declined to provide any "in the interests of the general public." [3]: 273 Gandhi filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, challenging the order on the grounds that it violated Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. The Union ...
Essentially, the Bench read Articles 14 and 19 into Article 21. [31] While deciding the Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1978), a five-judge Bench of the Supreme Court held that the despite the lack of the Due Process Clause in the Constitution of India same consequence ensued after the decisions in R.C. Cooper v.
The Constitution (Article 14) and the Equality for Men and Women Act Netherlands The Constitution (Article 1) and the 1994 Law on Equal Treatment Norway The 1978 Act on Gender Equality Poland The 1997 Constitution, Chapter II, Article 33.2 enshrined the equal pay for equal work principle, already included in the 1952 Constitution. Portugal