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A Mandailing script, pre-1800s. Mandailing Batak or Mandailing is an Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, the northern island of Indonesia.It is spoken mainly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Padang Lawas Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, and eastern parts of Labuhan Batu Regency, North Labuhan Batu Regency, South Labuhan Batu Regency and northwestern parts of Riau Province.
Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called Batak . There are approximately 1,610,000 Toba Batak speakers, living to the east, west and south of Lake Toba .
Pakpak, or Batak Dairi, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken in Dairi Regency , Pakpak Bharat Regency , Parlilitan district in Humbang Hasundutan Regency , Manduamas district in Central Tapanuli Regency , Subulussalam City , and Aceh Singkil Regency .
The Mandailing (also known as Mandailing Batak) people are an ethnic group in Sumatra, Indonesia that is commonly associated with the Batak people. They are found mainly in the northern section of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. They came under the influence of the Kaum Padri who ruled the Minangkabau of Tanah Datar.
Batak people in different areas cultivated either sawah (wet rice fields) or ladang (dry rice), and the Toba Batak, most expert in agriculture, must have migrated to meet demand in new areas. The increasing importance of rice had religious significance, which increased the power of the Batak high priests, who had responsibility for ensuring ...
The Angkola (also known as Angkola Batak) people are part of the Batak ethnic group from North Sumatra who live in the South Tapanuli regency. The Angkola language is similar to Mandailing language also with Toba language , but it is sociolinguistically distinct.
Batak – A Brahmic-based script, used by the Batak people of North Sumatra. Lontara – A Brahmic-based script, used by the Buginese and Makassarese in Sulawesi . A variant of this script called Satera Jontal is used by the Sumbawa people of West Nusa Tenggara .
Kopi Tubruk is an Indonesian-style coffee where hot water is poured over fine coffee grounds directly in the glass, without any filtration, usually with added sugar. [ 1 ] In Bali , Kopi Tubruk is known by the name "Kopi Selem" which means black coffee.