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Independent media refers to any media, such as television, newspapers, or Internet-based publications, that is free of influence by government or corporate interests. The term has varied applications. Independence stands as a cornerstone principle within media policy and the freedom of the press, representing an "essentially contested concept ...
The Free and Open Press: The Founding of American Democratic Press Liberty, 1640–1800 (2012). Nelson, Harold Lewis, ed. Freedom of the Press from Hamilton to the Warren Court (Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1967) Powe, Lucas A. The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America (Univ of California Press, 1992) Ross, Gary.
The condition for news media to achieve this role is the peaceful environment of diversity of editorial ownership and free speech. White Paper No.57 claimed that real content diversity can only be attained by a pluralistically owned and independent editorial media whose production is founded on the principles of journalistic professionalism.
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
CIMA's inaugural 2008 report Empowering Independent Media: U.S. Efforts to Foster Free and Independent Media Around the World, was a first-of-its-kind look at the media development field as a whole. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth assessment of U.S. international media development efforts, both public and private, and calls on ...
Constantly looking for fresh source material, the major entertainment companies often compete to buy the rights to adapt books and independent films; Disney and Warner Bros. Discovery own the country's top two comic book publishers. Some media franchises are also cross-licensed, especially for streaming and theme parks.