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In regression analysis, the distinction between errors and residuals is subtle and important, and leads to the concept of studentized residuals. Given an unobservable function that relates the independent variable to the dependent variable – say, a line – the deviations of the dependent variable observations from this function are the ...
Least absolute deviations (LAD), also known as least absolute errors (LAE), least absolute residuals (LAR), or least absolute values (LAV), is a statistical optimality criterion and a statistical optimization technique based on minimizing the sum of absolute deviations (also sum of absolute residuals or sum of absolute errors) or the L 1 norm of such values.
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Least absolute deviations; Iteratively reweighted; Bayesian; Bayesian multivariate; Least-squares spectral analysis; Background; Regression validation; Mean and predicted response; Errors and residuals; Goodness of fit; Studentized residual; Gauss–Markov theorem; Mathematics portal
IRLS is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates of a generalized linear model, and in robust regression to find an M-estimator, as a way of mitigating the influence of outliers in an otherwise normally-distributed data set, for example, by minimizing the least absolute errors rather than the least square errors.
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It is one approach to handling the "errors in variables" problem, and is also sometimes used even when the covariates are assumed to be error-free. Linear Template Fit (LTF) [7] combines a linear regression with (generalized) least squares in order to determine the best estimator. The Linear Template Fit addresses the frequent issue, when the ...
An illustrative plot of a fit to data (green curve in top panel, data in red) plus a plot of residuals: red points in bottom plot. Dashed curve in bottom panel is a straight line fit to the residuals. If the functional form is correct then there should be little or no trend to the residuals - as seen here.