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Stress in a material body may be due to multiple physical causes, including external influences and internal physical processes. Some of these agents (like gravity, changes in temperature and phase , and electromagnetic fields) act on the bulk of the material, varying continuously with position and time.
Classical mechanics is a model of the physics of forces acting upon bodies; includes sub-fields to describe the behaviors of solids, gases, and fluids.It is often referred to as "Newtonian mechanics" after Isaac Newton and his laws of motion.
Stress analysis is specifically concerned with solid objects. The study of stresses in liquids and gases is the subject of fluid mechanics.. Stress analysis adopts the macroscopic view of materials characteristic of continuum mechanics, namely that all properties of materials are homogeneous at small enough scales.
Engineering stress and engineering strain are approximations to the internal state that may be determined from the external forces and deformations of an object, provided that there is no significant change in size. When there is a significant change in size, the true stress and true strain can be derived from the instantaneous size of the object.
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Ratio of stress to strain pascal (Pa = N/m 2) L −1 M T −2: scalar; assumes isotropic linear material spring constant: k: k is the torsional constant (measured in N·m/radian), which characterizes the stiffness of the torsional spring or the resistance to angular displacement. N/m M T −2: scalar
Prior research suggests that physical activity can slow down the development of Alzheimer’s disease and the accompanying abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau protein in the brain. A new ...
The normal and shear components of the stress tensor on these planes are called octahedral normal stress and octahedral shear stress, respectively. Octahedral plane passing through the origin is known as the π-plane ( π not to be confused with mean stress denoted by π in above section) .