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While the term may refer to various Buddhist systems and views on reasoning and epistemology, it is most often used to refer to the work of the "Epistemological school" (Sanskrit: Pramāṇa-vāda), i.e. the school of Dignaga and Dharmakirti which developed from the 5th through 7th centuries and remained the main system of Buddhist reasoning until the decline of Buddhism in India.
The Buddha of the earliest Buddhists texts describes Dharma (in the sense of "truth") as "beyond reasoning" or "transcending logic", in the sense that reasoning is a subjectively introduced aspect of the way unenlightened humans perceive things, and the conceptual framework which underpins their cognitive process, rather than a feature of ...
Another possible meaning, given in the DDSA Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, comes from apoha being thought of as the compound of apa and ūha. Ūha means reasoning, while apa is a prefix often used to indicate opposition. So, apoha could be taken to mean reverse or negative reasoning. [7]
Since the 4th century CE onwards, Mādhyamaka philosophy had a major influence on the subsequent development of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition, [5] especially following the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia. [5] [6] It is the dominant interpretation of Buddhist philosophy in Tibetan Buddhism and has also been influential in East Asian ...
Some Buddhist philosophical views have been interpreted as having Idealistic tendencies, mainly the cittamatra (mind-only) philosophy of Yogacara Buddhism [11] as outlined in the works of Vasubandhu and Xuanzang. [12] Metaphysical Idealism has been the orthodox position of the Chinese Yogacara school or Fǎxiàng-zōng. [13]
The Buddhist doctrine of the two truths (Sanskrit: dvasatya, Wylie: bden pa gnyis) differentiates between two levels of satya (Sanskrit; Pāli: sacca; meaning "truth" or "reality") in the teaching of Śākyamuni Buddha: the "conventional" or "provisional" (saṁvṛti) truth, and the "absolute" or "ultimate" (paramārtha) truth.
Yogachara (Sanskrit: योगाचार, IAST: Yogācāra) is an influential tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing the study of cognition, perception, and consciousness through the interior lens of meditation, as well as philosophical reasoning (hetuvidyā).
The Buddha-range of the Buddhas [i.e., the range of powers a Buddha develops as a result of becoming a Buddha]; The jhana-range of one absorbed in jhana [i.e., the range of powers that one may obtain while absorbed in jhana]; The [precise working out of the] results of kamma (Karma in Sanskrit);