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Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental and behavioral disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas [1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events, from which one sees little or no chance to escape). [2] [3] [4]
However, CPTSD and BPD have been found by some researchers to be distinctive disorders with different features. Those with CPTSD do not fear abandonment or have unstable patterns of relations; rather, they withdraw. Repeated use of withdrawal as a defense mechanism may in fact cause unstable patterns in relationships.
The name of the disorder, particularly the suitability of the term borderline, is a subject of ongoing debate. Initially, the term reflected historical ideas of borderline insanity and later described patients on the border between neurosis and psychosis. These interpretations are now regarded as outdated and clinically imprecise. [8] [33]
In the United States, about 3.5% of adults have PTSD in a given year, and 9% of people develop it at some point in their life. [1] In much of the rest of the world, rates during a given year are between 0.5% and 1%. [1] Higher rates may occur in regions of armed conflict. [2] It is more common in women than men. [4] [21]
Three fundamental findings shaped HiTOP. [2] First, psychopathology is best characterized by dimensions rather than in discrete categories. [14] Dimensions are defined as continua that reflect individual differences in a maladaptive characteristic across the entire population (e.g., social anxiety is a dimension that ranges from comfortable social interactions to distress in nearly all social ...
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [8] [9] [6] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a manualized therapy used by clinicians to help people recover from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. [1] It includes elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments, one of the most widely used evidence-based therapies. [2]
Post-traumatic Embitterment disorder; Specialty: Psychiatry, Clinical psychology: Symptoms: Severe emotional symptoms and behavioral problems in direct temporal connection to the triggering event; recurring intrusive thoughts; avolition; dysphoric-aggressive-depressive mood; unspecific somatic symptoms; phobic avoidance of persons or places related to the triggering event; fantasies of ...