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The risk of enlarged ventricles on brain scan (associated with schizophrenia symptoms and biologically suggestive of Emil Kraepelin's dementia praecox) was greatly increased if the subjects had both a higher genetic load for schizophrenia and lower birthweight. The investigators suggested that in utero insults may specifically stress those with ...
Estimates of the heritability of schizophrenia are between 70% and 80%, which implies that 70% to 80% of the individual differences in risk of schizophrenia are associated with genetics. [21] [84] These estimates vary because of the difficulty in separating genetic and environmental influences, and their accuracy has been queried.
There has been a study that suggests antipsychotics are associated with possible cortical reconfiguration and gray matter loss, [19] but correlational data also suggests patients who consume antipsychotics, like people with schizophrenia, tend to engage in unhealthy habits like smoking which may exacerbate gray matter loss. [20]
However, though the risk of violence in schizophrenia is small the association is consistent, and there are minor subgroups where the risk is high. [48] This risk is usually associated with a comorbid disorder such as a substance use disorder - in particular alcohol, or with antisocial personality disorder. [48]
People with schizophrenia are at a higher than average risk of physical ill health, and earlier death than the general population. [1] [2] [3] The fatal conditions include cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic disorders. [4]
Analyzing schizophrenia-associated genes reveals that risk loci are commonly found near DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (which affect CpG methylation), which have post-transcriptional modifications uniquely correlated to schizophrenia and produce splice variants with strong chromatin associations. [13]