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Clinically, CNS metastasis is known to cause haemorrhage or obstruction in the cranial portion of the CNS leading to hydrocephalus. [9] Additionally, metastatic lesions are usually discrete within the brain and appear as spherical masses that displace the brain parenchyma rather than invading the tissues. [10]
Appropriate use criteria (AUC), sometimes referred to as appropriateness criteria (AC), specify when it is appropriate to perform a medical procedure or service. An "appropriate" procedure is one for which the expected health benefits exceed the expected health risks by a wide margin.
The concept of grading of the tumors of the central nervous system, agreeing for such the regulation of the "progressiveness" of these neoplasias (from benign and localized tumors to malignant and infiltrating tumors), dates back to 1926 and was introduced by P. Bailey and H. Cushing, [1] in the elaboration of what turned out the first systematic classification of gliomas.
MRI of a patient with anaplastic astrocytoma. The WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system is a World Health Organization Blue Book that defines, describes and classifies tumours of the central nervous system (CNS).
A brain metastasis is a cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body and is therefore considered a secondary brain tumor. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. [ 3 ]
However, unindicated multiphase CT examinations are an important source of medical radiation that does not contribute to the care of patients. Adherence to published standards such as the ACR appropriateness criteria can both decrease medical radiation and optimize imaging for the specific clinical indication. [citation needed]
ACR Education Center – located in Reston, VA, offers specialized mini-fellowships in more than a dozen clinical areas. [3]American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP) – The AIRP conducts five courses for radiology residents and fellows, and seven categorical courses for practicing radiologists and other physicians each year in Silver Spring, MD.
The ASCO study of the 188 documented AT/RT cases prior to 2004 found 30% of the cases had metastasis at diagnosis. [3] Metastatic spread to the meninges (leptomenigeal spread sometimes referred to as sugar coating) is common both initially and with relapse. Average survival times decline with the presence of metastasis.