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2. Genealogical DNA test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test

   The Y-chromosome is one of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes. Only males have a Y-chromosome, because women have two X chromosomes in their 23rd pair. A man's patrilineal ancestry, or male-line ancestry, can be traced using the DNA on his Y-chromosome (Y-DNA), because the Y-chromosome is transmitted from a father to son nearly unchanged. [31]

3. Genetic testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_testing

   DTC genetic testing involves many of the same risks associated with any genetic test. One of the more obvious and dangerous of these is the possibility of misreading of test results. Without professional guidance, consumers can potentially misinterpret genetic information, causing them to be deluded about their personal health.

4. G banding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_banding

   G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is the most common chromosome banding method. [1] It is useful for identifying genetic diseases (mainly chromosomal abnormalities) through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome ...

5. Human genome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

   The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria.

6. Genetic marker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_marker

   A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation (which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed.

7. SNP array - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNP_array

   In molecular biology, SNP array is a type of DNA microarray which is used to detect polymorphisms within a population. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a variation at a single site in DNA, is the most frequent type of variation in the genome.