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Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987), known as E. D. Nixon, was an American civil rights leader and union organizer in Alabama who played a crucial role in organizing the landmark Montgomery bus boycott there in 1955. The boycott highlighted the issues of segregation in the South, was upheld for more than a year by black ...
Before the bus boycott, Jim Crow laws mandated the racial segregation of the Montgomery Bus Line. As a result of this segregation, African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus system's riders. [2]
The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) was an organization formed on December 5, 1955 by black ministers and community leaders in Montgomery, Alabama.Under the leadership of Ralph Abernathy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Edgar Nixon, the MIA was instrumental in guiding the Montgomery bus boycott by setting up the car pool system that would sustain the boycott, negotiating settlements with ...
Burks, Mary Fair. "Women in the Montgomery Bus Boycott." Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers 1941-1965. Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1993. 71-83. ISBN 0-253-20832-7; Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson.The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The ...
In 1955, after Rosa Parks' arrest, Glass and the other members of the Women's Political Council, called for a protest against the Montgomery bus system, thus beginning the Montgomery bus boycott, a key action in the Civil Rights Movement. [3] Glass was appointed secretary of the organization in 1955. [3]
The Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama was directed by E.D. Nixon, who had been a member of the BSCP and was influenced by Randolph's methods of nonviolent confrontation. [4] Nationwide, the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s used tactics pioneered by Randolph, such as encouraging African Americans to vote as a bloc , mass voter ...
It was during the boycott that she met her future husband, Archie Lacey. [10] Archie was a science professor at Alabama State College and met Theodora through his involvement in the bus boycott. [6] The couple's courtship was brief, and they married on April 29, 1956, amid the boycott. [11] Dr.
Montgomery Improvement Association president, Montgomery bus boycott co-organizer [27] Claudette Colvin: Pioneer of the civil rights movement [28] Morris Dees: Southern Poverty Law Center founder [29] Mahala Ashley Dickerson: First black female attorney in Alabama [30] Fred Gray: Attorney, founding member of the Montgomery Improvement ...