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A review article in U.S. Pharmacist in 2013 states that long-term use of PPIs is associated with decreased calcium absorption (causing increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures), decreased magnesium absorption (causing electrolyte disturbances), and increased risk of certain infections such as C. difficile and community-acquired pneumonia ...
Therefore, PPIs are often routinely prescribed for cirrhotic patients to treat GERD and prevent variceal bleeding. However, it has been recently shown that long term use of PPIs in patients with cirrhosis increases the risk of SBP and is associated with the development of clinical decompensation and liver-related death during long-term follow ...
This can reduce the ulcer recurrence risk. [25] Adverse effects ... long-term use of bismuth may cause toxicity, ... Omeprazole 20mg Pantoprazole 40mg Rabeprazole
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
Simultaneous use of multiple drugs may add to the complexity. As in acetaminophen toxicity, well established, dose-dependent, pharmacological hepatotoxicity is easier to spot. Several clinical scales such as CIOMS /RUCAM scale and Maria and Victorino criteria have been proposed to establish causal relationship between offending drug and liver ...
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In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's esophagus may arise. [6] Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, and taking certain medications.
In fact, long-term use of Ozempic may reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events like heart attack in people with type 2 diabetes. stefanamer / iStock 6.