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Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (MPS II) is a romanization system formerly used in Taiwan. It was created to replace the complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh system, which used tonal spelling—and to co-exist with the Wade–Giles romanization as well as bopomofo. It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{}}, Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
[15] [16] (Still, due to the limited phonetic inventory, homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese are very common and important in Chinese culture. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] ) For a list of all Standard Chinese syllables (excluding tone and rhotic coda) see the pinyin table or zhuyin table .
In Taiwan the system is commonly known by its official name Zhuyin fuhao (注音符號; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply as zhuyin (注音; 'phonetic notation'). In official documents, it is occasionally called Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I ( 國語注音符號第一式 ), abbreviated as "MPS I" ( 注音一式 ), [ 4 ] [ 5 ] to distinguish it from ...
Some characters have two readings of Wen and Bai, and in this table are annotated with "文" (Wen, classic reading) and "语" (Yu, oral reading). [14] In Taiwan, there is a similar official standard for Mandarin words with variant pronunciations, where pronunciations are expressed in Phonetic Symbols (Bopomofo) instead of Pinyin. [15] [16]
Many input methods (IMEs) are phonetic, where typists enter characters according to schemes like pinyin or bopomofo for Mandarin, Jyutping for Cantonese, or Hepburn for Japanese. For example, 香港 ('Hong Kong') could be input as xiang1gang3 using pinyin, or as hoeng1gong2 using Jyutping.
Hanyu Pinyin Bopomofo Tong-yong Wade– Giles MPS II Yale EFEO Lessing –Othmer Gwoyeu Romatzyh IPA Note Tone 1 Tone 2 Tone 3 Tone 4 a: ㄚ: a: a: a: a: a: a: a: ar: aa: ah: a: ai
A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese.The earliest known Chinese vowel diagrams were made public in 1920 by Chinese linguist Yi Tso-lin with the publication of his Lectures on Chinese Phonetics, three years after Daniel Jones published the famous "cardinal vowel diagram" in 1917.