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Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [1] [2] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [3] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
Conventionally, a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm 3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. [2] The peripheral blood smear may show myelocytes, metamyelocytes, promyelocytes, and rarely myeloblasts; however, there is a mixture of early mature neutrophil precursors, in contrast to the immature forms typically seen in acute leukemia.
Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections. [2] Neutrophils are also increased in any acute inflammation, so will be raised after a heart attack, [2] other infarct or burns. [2]
CRS occurs when large numbers of white blood cells, including B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes are activated and release inflammatory cytokines, which activate more white blood cells in a positive feedback loop of pathogenic inflammation. [5]
The clinical signs and symptoms of leukostasis are non-specific but should be suspected in susceptible individuals with leukemia, a high white blood cell count (e.g., over 100,000), and new-onset neurologic or respiratory signs or symptoms. Rales may be heard when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope. [6]
Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. In humans, monocytosis occurs when there is a sustained rise in monocyte counts greater than 800/mm 3 to 1000/mm 3. [2] Monocytosis has sometimes been called mononucleosis, [3] but that name is usually reserved specifically for infectious ...
288.6 Elevated white blood cell count. 288.60 Leukocytosis, unspecified; 288.61 Lymphocytosis (symptomatic) 288.62 Leukemoid reaction; 288.63 Monocytosis (symptomatic) 288.64 Plasmacytosis; 288.65 Basophilia; 288.66 Bandemia; 288.8 Other specified disease of white blood cells; 288.9 Abnormal white blood cells, unspec. 289 Other diseases of ...
There is a recent optical test, but it requires endoscopy (see Diagnosis). There are no specific blood tests for ischemic colitis. The sensitivity of tests among 73 patients were: [12] The white blood cell count was more than 15,000/mm3 in 20 patients (27%) The serum bicarbonate level was less than 24 mmol/L in 26 patients (36%)