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Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group ...
Low sodium intake level was a mean of <115 mmol (2645 mg), usual sodium intake was 115-215 mmol (2645–4945 mg), and a high sodium intake was >215 mmol (4945 mg), concluding: "Both low sodium intakes and high sodium intakes are associated with increased mortality, consistent with a U-shaped association between sodium intake and health outcomes".
Note that salt contains about 39.3% sodium by mass [11] —the rest being chlorine and other trace chemicals; thus the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 2.3 g sodium would be about 5.9 g of salt—about 1 teaspoon. [12] The average daily excretion of sodium is between 40 and 220 mEq. [13]
The repercussions of not getting enough sodium are serious, but Dr. Melissa Tracy, MD, a cardiologist at Rush University Medical Center, says it’s difficult to reach this detrimental level ...
The U.S. Food and Nutrition Board sets Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (known as ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. ULs are set a safe fraction below amounts shown to cause health problems. ULs are part of Dietary Reference Intakes. [85] The European Food Safety Authority also reviews the same safety questions and set its ...
Opting for low-sodium foods, defined as 140 mg of sodium or less per serving, can help keep your salt intake at bay. Even choosing items labeled "reduced sodium" or "no salt added" can make a ...
PRI Population Reference Intake is European Union equivalent of RDA; higher for adults than for children, and may be even higher for women who are pregnant or lactating. For Thiamin and Niacin, the PRIs are expressed as amounts per megajoule (239 kilocalories) of food energy consumed. Upper Limit Tolerable upper intake levels.
The U.S. Institute of Medicine set its tolerable upper intake level for sodium at 2.3 grams per day, [90] but the average person in the United States consumes 3.4 grams per day. [91] The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1.5 g of sodium per day. [92]