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O’Neal Industries (ONI) is a family of closely related companies, all engaged in the metals industry. It provides products and services that range from steel beams and plates to specialty alloys and complex manufactured components and tubing, ONI supplies customers across a variety of industries worldwide.
Production of galvannealed sheet steel begins with hot dip galvanization of sheet steel. After passing through the galvanizing zinc bath the sheet steel passes through air knives to remove excess zinc, and is then heated in an annealing furnace for several seconds causing iron and zinc layers to diffuse into one another causing the formation of zinc-iron alloy layers at the surface.
This is the most common use for galvanized metal; hundreds of thousands of tons of steel products are galvanized annually worldwide. In developed countries, most larger cities have several galvanizing factories, and many items of steel manufacture are galvanized for protection.
Galvanized fumes are released when the galvanized metal reaches a certain temperature. This temperature varies by the galvanization process used. In long-term, continuous exposure, the recommended maximum temperature for hot-dip galvanized steel is 200 °C (392 °F), according to the American Galvanizers Association.
ACIPCO has divisions for Steel Pipe, Ductlie Iron Pipe (both based in Birmingham), Flow Control (valve- and hydrant-producing facilities in Beaumont, Texas, and South St. Paul, Minnesota), Spiral-Weld Pipe (in Columbia, South Carolina; Flint, Michigan; and Paris, Texas), and Castings (in Pryor, Oklahoma).
Bethlehem Steel: Builder and Arsenal of America (2010) excerpt and text search; Warren, Kenneth. The American Steel Industry, 1850–1970: A Geographical Interpretation (1973) (ISBN 0198232144) Whaples, Robert. "Andrew Carnegie", EH.Net Encyclopedia of Economic and Business History online; U.S. Steel's History of U.S. Steel