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A monomer (/ ˈ m ɒ n ə m ər / MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
The simple summary is that DNA makes RNA, and then RNA makes proteins. DNA, RNA, and proteins all consist of a repeating structure of related building blocks (nucleotides in the case of DNA and RNA, amino acids in the case of proteins). In general, they are all unbranched polymers, and so can be represented in the form of a string.
Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that are found in nature. They carry information in cells and make up genetic material. These acids are very common in all living things, where they create, encode, and store information in every living cell of every life-form on Earth. In turn, they send and express that information inside and outside the ...
This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
The relative amounts of the precursor "monomers" (lignols or monolignols) vary according to the plant source. [5] Lignins are typically classified according to their syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio. Lignin from gymnosperms is derived from the coniferyl alcohol , which gives rise to G upon pyrolysis.
A polymer (/ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ər / [4] [5]) is a substance or material that consists of very large molecules, or macromolecules, that are constituted by many repeating subunits derived from one or more species of monomers. [6]
Chemists tend to consider the repeat unit as -[CH 2-CH 2]- since this polymer is made from the monomer ethylene (CH 2 =CH 2). More complex repeat units can occur in vinyl polymers-[CH 2-CHR] n-, if one hydrogen in the ethylene repeat unit is substituted by a larger fragment R. Polypropylene-[CH 2-CH(CH 3)] n - has the repeat unit -[CH 2-CH(CH 3)].
Shorter polysaccharides, with 3 to 10 monomers, are called oligosaccharides. [12] A fluorescent indicator-displacement molecular imprinting sensor was developed for discriminating saccharides. It successfully discriminated three brands of orange juice beverage. [13]