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In psychology and sociology, the Thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. It was developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in 1928, originally as a means of measuring attitudes towards religion. Today it is used to measure attitudes towards a wide variety of issues.
The term attitude with the psychological meaning of an internal state of preparedness for action was not used until the 19th century. [3]: 2 The American Psychological Association (APA) defines attitude as "a relatively enduring and general evaluation of an object, person, group, issue, or concept on a dimension ranging from negative to positive.
Ryckman's work on hypercompetitive attitudes was inspired by Karen Horney's theory of neurosis, and her conclusion that some people have a need to win at any cost as a means of maintaining or enhancing self-esteem. Ryckman developed the Hypercompetive Attitude Scale, a 26-item self report test, to measure this tendency.
In addition to scales, there are two other types of composite measures. Indexes are similar to scales except multiple indicators of a variable are combined into a single measure. The index of consumer confidence, for example, is a combination of several measures of consumer attitudes.
Symptom and attitude tests are more often called scales. A useful psychological test/scale must be both valid, i.e., show evidence that the test or scale measures what it is purported to measure, [1] [4]) and reliable, i.e., show evidence of consistency across items and raters and over time, etc.
A Likert scale (/ ˈ l ɪ k ər t / LIK-ərt, [1] [note 1]) is a psychometric scale named after its inventor, American social psychologist Rensis Likert, [2] which is commonly used in research questionnaires.
So far, several attitude scales have been developed on the basis of the Campbell paradigm: environmental attitude, [9] [11] attitude toward nature, [6] [9] [11] (negative) attitude toward anthropogenic climate change, [12] health-focused attitude, [10] attitude toward social contacts or privacy in the office, [13] attitude toward one's own ...
According to this theory, an individual weighs every new idea, comparing it with the individual's present point of view to determine where it should be placed on the attitude scale in an individual's mind. SJT is the subconscious sorting out of ideas that occurs at the instant of perception. The theory of Social Judgement attempts to explain ...