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A map showing approximate areas of various Mississippian and related cultures (c. 800-1500 CE) This is a list of Mississippian sites. The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, inland-Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 CE to 1500 CE, varying regionally. [1]
The culture was expressed in villages and chiefdoms throughout the central Mississippi River Valley, the lower Ohio River Valley, and most of the Mid-South area, including Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi as the core of the classic Mississippian culture area. [4] The park contains a museum and an archaeological laboratory.
The site was built and occupied between 1000 and 1500 by people of the Fort Walton culture, the southernmost expression of the Mississippian culture.The scale of the site and the number and size of the mounds indicate that this was the site of a regional chiefdom, and was thus a political and religious center. [2]
The Mississippian period is the chronological stage, while Mississippian culture refers to the cultural similarities that characterize this society. The Early Mississippian period ( c. 1000 –1200) had just transitioned from the Late Woodland period way of life (500–1000).
Guale was a historic Native American chiefdom of Mississippian culture peoples located along the coast of present-day Georgia and the Sea Islands. Spanish Florida established its Roman Catholic missionary system in the chiefdom in the late 16th century.
The period between first contact of the traditional chiefdoms with the Europeans in 1540 until the demise of the Mississippian culture in 1730 is called a "shatter zone" by scholars. [3] The Mississippian people numbered about 500,000 at the time of first contact with Europeans in 1540.
A map of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex and some of its associated sites. Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (formerly Southern Cult, Southern Death Cult or Buzzard Cult [1] [2]), abbreviated S.E.C.C., is the name given by modern scholars to the regional stylistic similarity of artifacts, iconography, ceremonies, and mythology of the Mississippian culture.
The origin of the Upper Mississippian cultures is a matter of debate among archaeologists. They may have been local Late Woodland populations who were influenced by the large-scale chiefdom entities; or they may have originated in one of these more advanced societies and set out to “colonize” the marginal areas to the north.