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Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus. [1] Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) may identify individuals with hippocampal sclerosis. [2]
Mesial temporal sclerosis, also commonly referred to as hippocampal sclerosis, is the most common association with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy 2,3,5. It is seen in up to 65% of autopsy studies, although significantly less in imaging.
Hippocampal sclerosis is the commonest cause of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults, and is associated with alterations to structures and networks beyond the hippocampus.In addition to being a cause of epilepsy, the hippocampus is vulnerable to damage from seizure activity.
Hippocampal sclerosis is characterized pathologically by loss of pyramidal neurons, granule cell dispersion and gliosis in the hippocampus. It can be associated with changes in nearby structures, known as mesial temporal sclerosis. It a common cause of temporal lobe seizures that do not respond to medication.
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice.
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathologic finding in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The etiology of HS is controversial and likely multifactorial. It is widely considered an acquired phenomenon, secondary to postnatal injury such as prolonged febrile seizures (FS).
Hippocampal Sclerosis is defined as severe gliosis and loss of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and neighboring regions, often associated with conditions like temporal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological disorders.