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The theory underpinning most observational evidence for dark matter, general relativity, is well-tested on Solar System scales, but its validity on galactic or cosmological scales has not been well proven. [174]
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: . a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are hypothetical particles that are one of the proposed candidates for dark matter.. There exists no formal definition of a WIMP, but broadly, it is an elementary particle which interacts via gravity and any other force (or forces) which is as weak as or weaker than the weak nuclear force, but also non-vanishing in strength.
Dark matter is called ‘dark’ because it’s invisible to us and does not measurably interact with anything other than gravity. It could be interspersed between the atoms that make up the Earth ...
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's second law to account for observed properties of galaxies.Its primary motivation is to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter, and is one of the most well-known theories of this class.
Direct detection of dark matter is the science of attempting to directly measure dark matter collisions in Earth-based experiments. Modern astrophysical measurements, such as from the cosmic microwave background , strongly indicate that 85% of the matter content of the universe is unaccounted for. [ 1 ]
[6] [7] [8] The cosmological constant Λ is the simplest possible explanation for dark energy, and is used in the standard model of cosmology known as the ΛCDM model. According to quantum field theory (QFT), which underlies modern particle physics, empty space is defined by the vacuum state, which is composed of a collection of quantum fields.
[28] [29] Rubin's results were confirmed over subsequent decades, [1] and became the first persuasive results supporting the theory of dark matter, initially proposed by Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s. [1] [12] [30] This data was confirmed by radio astronomers, the discovery of the cosmic microwave background, and images of gravitational lensing.