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A fuller explanation of the concept of coordinate time arises from its relations with proper time and with clock synchronization. Synchronization, along with the related concept of simultaneity, has to receive careful definition in the framework of general relativity theory, because many of the assumptions inherent in classical mechanics and classical accounts of space and time had to be removed.
A coordinate system in mathematics is a facet of geometry or of algebra, [9] [10] in particular, a property of manifolds (for example, in physics, configuration spaces or phase spaces). [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The coordinates of a point r in an n -dimensional space are simply an ordered set of n numbers: [ 13 ] [ 14 ]
For example, Plücker coordinates are used to determine the position of a line in space. [11] When there is a need, the type of figure being described is used to distinguish the type of coordinate system, for example the term line coordinates is used for any coordinate system that specifies the position of a line.
Time is a scalar which is the same in all space E 3 and is denoted as t. The ordered set { t} is called a time axis. Motion (also path or trajectory) is a function r : Δ → R 3 that maps a point in the interval Δ from the time axis to a position (radius vector) in R 3.
Position space (also real space or coordinate space) is the set of all position vectors r in Euclidean space, and has dimensions of length; a position vector defines a point in space. (If the position vector of a point particle varies with time, it will trace out a path, the trajectory of a particle.)
The coordinate system would collapse, in concordance with the fact that due to time dilation, time would effectively stop passing for them. These considerations show that the speed of light as a limit is a consequence of the properties of spacetime, and not of the properties of objects such as technologically imperfect space ships.
In the passive transformation (right), point P stays fixed, while the coordinate system rotates counterclockwise by an angle θ about its origin. The coordinates of P ′ after the active transformation relative to the original coordinate system are the same as the coordinates of P relative to the rotated coordinate system.
The first crucial concept is coordinate independence: The laws of physics cannot depend on what coordinate system one uses. This is a major extension of the principle of relativity from the version used in special relativity, which states that the laws of physics must be the same for every observer moving in non-accelerated (inertial) reference ...