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The information was provided by the respective governments of the listed countries. As the compiled figures are not collected with the same methodology and with different levels of rigor, there are limitations in their reliability in forming comparisons. Sanitation as defined by the World Health Organization: [2]
A public toilet, restroom, bathroom or washroom is a room or small building with toilets (or urinals) and sinks for use by the general public. The facilities are available to customers, travelers, employees of a business, school pupils or prisoners.
Bathrooms are generally categorized as "master bathroom", containing a shower and a bathtub that is adjoining to the largest bedroom; a "full bathroom" (or "full bath"), containing four plumbing fixtures: a toilet and sink, and either a bathtub with a shower, or a bathtub and a separate shower stall; "half bath" (or "powder room") containing ...
Bathrooms were called Bi (Chinese: 湢), and bathtubs were made of bronze or timber. [5] Bath beans, a powdery soap mixture of ground beans, cloves, eaglewood, flowers, and even powdered jade, was a luxury toiletry in the Han dynasty; commoners used powdered beans without spices.
When toilets were placed within bathrooms, the original reason was cost savings. [22] In 1876 Edward William Godwin, a progressive architect-designer, drew up affordable housing with the toilet in the bathroom, and faced criticism for it. [29] America and most European countries now combine their toilets and bathrooms. [30]
In several European countries, a bidet is now required by law to be present in every bathroom containing a toilet bowl. It was originally located in the bedroom, near the chamber-pot and the marital bed, but in modern times is located near the toilet bowl in the bathroom.
A modern bidet of the traditional type, available in many southern European and South American countries. [ 32 ] In the Western world, the most common method of cleaning the anal area after defecation is by toilet paper or sometimes by using a bidet .
Of all countries, Ghana has the greatest reliance on public toilets. [9] In Accra , lack of space makes private toilets unrealistic in low-income neighbourhoods. [ 10 ] In Kumasi , it has been estimated that 36% of residents use pay toilets, and that "once-daily use of a public toilet by a family of four would cost between US$3.60 and $18 per ...