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  2. Surface-area-to-volume ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-area-to-volume_ratio

    For a given shape, SA:V is inversely proportional to size. A cube 2 cm on a side has a ratio of 3 cm −1 , half that of a cube 1 cm on a side. Conversely, preserving SA:V as size increases requires changing to a less compact shape.

  3. Highest averages method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_averages_method

    A joint Politics and Economics series Social choice and electoral systems Social choice Mechanism design Comparative politics Comparison List (By country) Single-winner methods Single vote - plurality methods First preference plurality (FPP) Two-round (US: Jungle primary) Partisan primary Instant-runoff UK: Alternative vote (AV) US: Ranked-choice (RCV) Condorcet methods Condorcet-IRV Round ...

  4. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    The variable y is directly proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant ~0.6. The variable y is inversely proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant 1. In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

  5. Gallagher index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallagher_index

    The Gallagher index measures an electoral system's relative disproportionality between votes received and seats in a legislature. [1] [2] As such, it measures the difference between the percentage of votes each party gets and the percentage of seats each party gets in the resulting legislature, and it also measures this disproportionality from all parties collectively in any one given election.

  6. Comparison of voting rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_voting_rules

    One of the main uses of evaluations is to compare the accuracy of voting systems when voters vote sincerely. If an infinite number of voters satisfy a Gaussian distribution, then the rightful winner of an election can be taken to be the candidate closest to the mean/median, and the accuracy of a method can be identified with the proportion of ...

  7. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.

  8. Power law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_law

    In statistics, a power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative change in one quantity results in a relative change in the other quantity proportional to the change raised to a constant exponent: one quantity varies as a power of another. The change is independent of the initial size of those quantities.

  9. Equity theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_theory

    Inequalities in relationships will cause those within it to be unhappy to a degree proportional to the amount of inequality. [3] The belief is that people value fair treatment which causes them to be motivated to keep the fairness maintained within the relationships of their co-workers and the organization. The structure of equity in the ...