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Berbers are not an entirely homogeneous ethnicity, and they include a range of societies, ancestries, and lifestyles. The unifying forces for the Berber people may be their shared language or a collective identification with Berber heritage and history. As a legacy of the spread of Islam, the Berbers are now mostly Sunni Muslim.
Berber tribes are tribes of Berber descent inhabiting the Maghreb region. They are traditionally divided into three large tribal confederations: Masmuda , Zenata and Sanhaja . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They often form smaller confederations of tribes together (for example the Haha or the Ait Yafelman ).
3SG: M -give: PAST =as = 3SG: IO =θ = 3SG: M: DO =ið = VEN y-əwš =as =θ =ið 3SG:M-give:PAST =3SG:IO =3SG:M:DO =VEN "He gave it to him (in this direction)." (Tarifit) The allowed positioning of different kinds of clitics varies by language. Nouns Nouns are distinguished by gender, number, and case in most Berber languages, with gender being feminine or masculine, number being singular or ...
Even so, the Islamic and Arabic culture only made its influence felt in the towns, with the vast majority of Morocco's population still using the Berber languages and often adhering to Islamic heterodox and heretical doctrines. The Idrisids were principally rulers of the towns and had little power over the majority of the country's population.
During the first centuries of their history, Kabyles used the Libyco-Berber writing system (ancestor of the modern Tifinagh). Since the beginning of the 19th century, and under French influence, Kabyle intellectuals began to use the Latin script. It is the basis for the modern Berber Latin alphabet.
Matmata (Arabic: مطماطة maṭmāṭa ⓘ; Berber: ⵎⴰⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰ) is a small Berber speaking town in southern Tunisia. Some of the local Berber residents live in traditional underground "troglodyte" structures. In 2004 it had a population of 2,116. [1]
Modern Standard Arabic and Standard Moroccan Berber are the official languages of Morocco, [14] while Moroccan Arabic is the national vernacular dialect; [15] Berber languages are spoken in some mountain areas, such as Tarifit, spoken by 3.2%, Central Atlas Tamazight, spoken by 7.4%, and Tashelhit, spoken by 14.2%.
[1] [2] [3] They are collectively known as Berbers or Amazigh in English. [4] The native plural form Imazighen is sometimes also used in English. [5] [6] While "Berber" is more widely known among English-speakers, its usage is a subject of debate, due to its historical background as an exonym and present equivalence with the Arabic word for ...