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The original type of spoked wheel with wooden spokes was used for horse-drawn carriages and wagons. In early motor cars, wooden spoked wheels of the artillery type were normally used. In a simple wooden wheel, a load on the hub causes the wheel rim to flatten slightly against the ground as the lowermost wooden spoke shortens and compresses.
The first patent for wire wheels was issued to Theodore Jones of London, England on October 11, 1826. [5] Eugène Meyer of Paris, France was the first person to receive, in 1869, a patent for wire wheels on bicycles. [6] Bicycle wheels were not strong enough for cars until the development of tangentially spoked wheels.
The rims of wire wheels (or "wire spoked wheels") are connected to their hubs by wire spokes. Although these wires are generally stiffer than a typical wire rope, they function mechanically the same as tensioned flexible wires, keeping the rim true while supporting applied loads. Wire wheels are used on most bicycles and still used on many ...
Construction of wire-spoked wheels is generally termed as wheelbuilding, so wheel construction refers to construction of non-wire wheels, e.g. wheels of cars and other heavier vehicles. Wheels are constructed in a wide variety of designs using different materials, but in the early 21st century, aluminum and steel are most often used, with steel ...
Artillery wheel for a motorcar. Wood-spoke artillery wheels were used on early automobiles, as a stronger alternative to wire wheels. [5] By the 1920s, many motor cars used wheels that looked at a glance like wooden artillery wheels, but which were of cast steel or welded from steel pressed sections.
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The wagon-wheel effect is most often seen in film or television depictions of stagecoaches or wagons in Western movies, although recordings of any regularly spoked rotating object will show it, such as helicopter rotors, aircraft propellers and car rims. In these recorded media, the effect is a result of temporal aliasing. [1]
Radial (left) and semi-tangential (right) bicycle spoke patterns. Wheelbuilding is the process of assembling wire wheels (generally a bicycle wheel, but including wheelchairs, and some cars and motorcycles). The components of a wire wheel are the rim, spokes, nipples, and hub.