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LIGA consists of three main processing steps: lithography, electroplating, and molding. There are two main LIGA-fabrication technologies: X-Ray LIGA, which uses X-rays produced by a synchrotron to create high-aspect-ratio structures, and UV LIGA, a more accessible method which uses ultraviolet light to create structures with relatively low aspect ratios.
X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.
The powerful pulsed X-ray beams allow for an ultra-fast motion picture to be constructed showing the details of the process being studied in three dimensions. The tests are compared with computer simulations to help improve the accuracy of the computer codes. Such testing falls under the category of sub-critical testing.
Like a conventional machine used for X-ray external beam radiotherapy (often referred to as a linear accelerator or linac, their main component), it [the tomotherapy machine] generates the radiation beam, but the external appearance of the machine, patient positioning, and treatment delivery differ. Conventional linacs do not work on a slice-by ...
X-ray reflectivity is an analytical technique for determining thickness, roughness, and density of single layer and multilayer thin films. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), a technique concentrating on scattering angles 2θ larger than 5°. Spectrum of various inelastic scattering processes that can be probed with inelastic X-ray scattering ...
It is named after Paul Kirkpatrick and Albert Baez, the inventors of the X-ray microscope. [1] Although X-rays can be focused by compound refractive lenses, these also reduce the intensity of the beam and are therefore undesirable. KB mirrors, on the other hand, can focus beams to small spot sizes with minimal loss of intensity.
X-ray diffraction topography is one variant of X-ray imaging, making use of diffraction contrast rather than absorption contrast which is usually used in radiography and computed tomography (CT). Topography is exploited to a lesser extent with neutrons , and is the same concept as dark field imaging in an electron microscope .
An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays. Possibly, radioisotopes can also be used to generate X-rays. [1]An X-ray tube is a simple vacuum tube that contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision.