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The city had been besieged in 1681-1682, and the inhabitants endured great hardship. This attempt was broken off, but the country was occupied. Louis started the War of the Reunions especially to conquer Luxembourg in 1683. In December of that year, Luxembourg was bombarded with mortars. About 6,000 bombs and grenades were fired.
The history of Luxembourg properly began with the construction of Luxembourg Castle in the High Middle Ages. It was Siegfried I, count of Ardennes who traded some of his ancestral lands with the monks of the Abbey of St. Maximin in Trier in 963 for an ancient, supposedly Roman, fort named Lucilinburhuc, commonly translated as "little castle". [2]
Luxembourg is the world's only extant sovereign grand duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau. The Luxembourg constitution defines the grand duke's position: The grand duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence.
Between 1684 and 1697, the territory of the Duchy of Luxembourg was under French rule for a second time. [7] In the meantime, the Wittelsbachs, Wettins and the House of Bourbon ruled over Luxembourg. The history of the duchy came to an end in 1795 when France annexed the territory and integrated it into the French state. [8] [9]
Hilton Luxembourg hotel built. 1991 - BGL Luxembourg Open tennis tournament begins. 1993 - Am Tunnel art gallery opens. 1994 Arboretum Kirchberg opens. [19] European Investment Fund headquartered in city. 1995 City designated a European Capital of Culture. Den Atelier music venue opens. 1996 Luxembourg City History Museum founded.
The three partitions of Luxembourg reduced Luxembourg's area substantially, to the advantage of the three surrounding countries. There were three Partitions of Luxembourg between 1659 and 1839. Together, the three partitions reduced the territory of the Duchy of Luxembourg from 10,700 km 2 (4,100 sq mi) to the present-day area of 2,586 km 2 ...
A little later in 1684, on behalf of Louis XIV, Vauban succeeded in capturing the city of Luxembourg during a month-long siege under which the Bock fortifications were completely flattened. [6] Thereafter Vauban, perhaps the most competent fortification engineer of his day, undertook major additions to the defences, realizing that underground ...
It retains a number of folk traditions, having been for much of its history a profoundly rural country. There are several notable museums, located mostly in the capital. These include the National Museum of History and Art (NMHA), the Luxembourg City History Museum, and the new Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art (Mudam).