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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [10] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [10] It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. [10]
Antibiotics include ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, given for 14 days. If symptoms recur after improvement with antibiotics, a second course of antibiotics may be given. If an initial course of antibiotics is ineffective, then mesalamine may be tried. If mesalamine is ineffective, then a course of prednisone may be helpful.
Corticosteroids are an alternative. Surgical repair of the normal bowel transit, where possible, can be effective. [citation needed] BADAS has later been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, [1] diverticulitis [2] and following resection of the stomach (gastrectomy).
Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches ...
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
Acute diverticulitis is thought to arise from either trauma or lack of blood flow to the existing diverticulum in the colon. The traumatic theory proposes that a fecalith, which is a hardened fecal matter, becomes trapped in a diverticulum, leading to colonic mucosa abrasion and local inflammation.
Perforated appendicitis, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease with perforation and gastrointestinal surgery are often associated with polymicrobial infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, where the number of isolates can average 12 (two-thirds are generally anaerobes). [27]
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.