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Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular, [1] Gram-negative species of Rickettsiales bacteria. [2] It is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans by the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). [3] It is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. [4]
Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection [1] is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia ewingii. [2] The infection is transmitted to humans by the tick, Amblyomma americanum . This tick can also transmit Ehrlichia chaffeensis , the bacteria that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME).
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne [3] bacterial infection, [4] caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported annual incidence is on the order of 2.3 cases per million people. [5]
Ehrlichia canis is a small, obligate-intracellular, tick-transmitted, Gram-negative α-proteobacterium. This species is responsible for the globally distributed canine monocytic ehrlichiosis . E. canis also shows evolution in its complex membrane structures and immune evasion strategies.
Ehrlichiosis (/ ˌ ɛər l ɪ k i ˈ oʊ s ɪ s /; also known as canine rickettsiosis, canine hemorrhagic fever, canine typhus, tracker dog disease, and tropical canine pancytopenia) is a tick-borne disease of dogs usually caused by the rickettsial agent Ehrlichia canis. Ehrlichia canis is the pathogen of animals.
Clinically, HGA is essentially indistinguishable from human monocytic ehrlichiosis, the infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease may be suspected. [15] As Ehrlichia serologies can be negative in the acute period, PCR is very useful for diagnosis. [16]
Classification of different members of the genus Ehrlichia has been disputed, however, it is generally agreed that close relatives of Ehrlichia ewingii are Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis. [1] It is also closely related to Wolbachia, Anaplasma, and Neorickettsia bacteria, with Rickettsia as a more distant genus. [1]
Rickettsia rickettsii is a Gram-negative, intracellular, cocco-bacillus bacterium that was first discovered in 1902. [1] Having a reduced genome, the bacterium harvests nutrients from its host cell to carry out respiration, making it an organo-heterotroph.