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In Shia Islam Ali is regarded as the foremost companion of Muhammad and his rightful successor through divinely-ordained designation at the Ghadir Khumm. When Muhammad died in 632 CE , Ali had his own claims to leadership but eventually accepted the temporal rule of the first three caliphs in the interest of Muslim unity.
Sheikh Ali Madad (Urdu: شیخ علی مدد ) was a Parachinar Pakistani Shia Muslim religious leader and politician born in Gilgit. He died on 28 June 2002, and was succeeded by Muhammad Nawaz Irfani .
In the 7th century some early Muslims expected Ali to become a first caliph, successor to Muhammad.After ascension of Abu Bakr, supporters of Ali (and future Shia) continued to believe only people from Muhammad's family to qualify as rulers and selected an imam, from each generation (the proto-Sunni, in contrast, recognized Abu Bakr as a legitimate first caliph). [5]
During the mourning of Muharram, spontaneous slogans of Ya Hussain, Ya Ali, and Ya Rasul Allah (Arabic: يَا رَسُولُ الله "O Messenger of God") are common. On such occasions, the slogans demonstrate support. [5]
The Sunni Muslims say that if Ali was the rightful successor as ordained by God Himself, then it would have been his duty as the leader of the Muslim nation to make war with these people (Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman) until Ali established the decree. Shia claim, however, that Ali did not fight Abu Bakr, Umar or Uthman, because firstly he did not ...
Shiism began for the first time with a reference made to the partisans of Ali the first leader of the Ahl al-Bayt (Household of the prophet). [8] In the early years of Islamic history there was no "orthodox" Sunni or "heretical" Shiite, but rather of two points of view that were drifting steadily until became manifest as early as the death of Muhammad the prophet of Islam.
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[2] [4] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [2] Among the functions of marja-i taqlids is the collection and distribution of religious taxes ( zakat and khums ).