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Energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and Earth's surface. Rising greenhouse gas levels are contributing to an energy imbalance. Factors affecting Earth's climate can be broken down into forcings, feedbacks and internal variations. [14]: 7 Four main lines of evidence support the dominant role of human activities in recent climate change: [17]
As the Sun is the Earth's primary energy source, changes in incoming sunlight directly affect the climate system. [140] Solar irradiance has been measured directly by satellites , [ 147 ] and indirect measurements are available from the early 1600s onwards. [ 140 ]
The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 December 2024. Long-term weather pattern of a region For other uses, see Climate (disambiguation). Atmospheric sciences Atmospheric physics Atmospheric dynamics category Atmospheric chemistry category Meteorology Weather category portal Tropical cyclone category Climatology Climate category Climate ...
Sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate as it affects the total amount of sunlight that is reflected away from the Earth. [117] In the past, the Earth's oceans have been almost entirely covered by sea ice on a number of occasions, when the Earth was in a so-called Snowball Earth state, [ 118 ] and completely ice-free in periods of ...
The process is linked to how the Earth's rotation affects winds in tropical regions just away from the equator. ... Is climate change affecting hurricanes? ... Local factors can also play a part.
[2]: 2224 The result is Earth's climate. Earth's energy budget depends on many factors, such as atmospheric aerosols, greenhouse gases, surface albedo, clouds, and land use patterns. When the incoming and outgoing energy fluxes are in balance, Earth is in radiative equilibrium and the climate system will be relatively stable.
“The clearest way climate change is affecting fire in the western United States and California is through the direct influence that warmer atmospheric temperatures have,” Williams said ...