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The choice of method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water. The processes below are the ones commonly used in water purification plants. Some or most may not be used depending on the scale of the plant and quality of the raw (source) water.
Physical techniques of water/waste water treatment rely on physical phenomena to complete the removal process, rather than biological or chemical changes. [9] Most common physical techniques are: Sedimentation is one of the most important main wastewater treatment procedures. Gravity settling is a method of separating particles from a fluid.
Filtration as a method of water purification was established in the 18th century, and the first municipal water treatment plant was built in Scotland in 1832. However, the aesthetic value of water was important at the time, and effective water quality standards did not exist until the late 19th century. [18]
Purification of water may refer to any of the following. Water purification, the large scale production of clean water for supply to consumer taps and industry. Distilled water, the use of distillation to remove contaminants from water; Portable water purification, techniques for use in emergencies or away from conventional sources of clean water
The water is distilled multiple times to ensure that it does not leave deposits on the machinery or cause corrosion. RO is used to clean effluent and brackish groundwater. The effluent in larger volumes (more than 500 m 3 /day) is treated in a water treatment plant first, and then the effluent runs through RO. This hybrid process reduces ...
In many cases, effluent water from one process can be suitable for reuse in another process if given suitable treatment. This can reduce costs by lowering charges for water consumption, reduce the costs of effluent disposal because of reduced volume, and lower energy costs due to the recovery of heat in recycled wastewater.