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The Sort/Merge utility is a mainframe program to sort records in a file into a specified order, merge pre-sorted files into a sorted file, or copy selected records. Internally, these utilities use one or more of the standard sorting algorithms , often with proprietary fine-tuned code.
The OS/360 sort program, IERRCO00, operates by dividing the input data into sections, sorting each section in main memory, and writing the sorted section to intermediate datasets on either direct-access storage devices (DASD) or magnetic tape. Final merge phases then merge the sections to produce the sorted output.
Innovative Routines International (IRI), Inc. is an American software company first known for bringing mainframe sort merge functionality into open systems. [1] IRI was the first vendor to develop a commercial replacement for the Unix sort command, and combine data transformation and reporting in Unix batch processing environments. [2]
<opcode> is a function such as "FSF" to forward space one file or "REW" to rewind the tape. <nn> is a number that can specify the number of times the operation is to be performed, such as forward space two files. The VOL statement provides disk or tape volume label information for standard label checking. The format is // VOL SYSxxx,<volume>.
A "panel" is a character-based "window" which can encompass all or part of a 3270 session's screen real estate. See Text-based user interfaces. Most mainframe software vendors used ISPF functions to create their applications, so their tools are similar in appearance and operation to ISPF.
external sorting algorithm. External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data.External sorting is required when the data being sorted do not fit into the main memory of a computing device (usually RAM) and instead they must reside in the slower external memory, usually a disk drive.
The Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. [NB 1] The first machine in the family was the B5000 in 1961, which was optimized for compiling ALGOL 60 programs extremely well, using single-pass compilers.
The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a range of IBM mainframe computers announced as the successors to the System/360 family on June 30, 1970. The series mostly [b] maintains backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for customers; this, plus improved performance, were the dominant themes of the product announcement.