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However, if transition is unsuccessful, e-cigarettes could mean increased nicotine dependence (by combining smoking and vaping) and ongoing harm from other e-liquid ingredients. [74] [75] [76] Health benefits associated with transitioning from smoking to vaping include decreased post-smoking weight gain and improved exercise tolerance. [77]
"Electronic nicotine delivery systems" (PDF). World Health Organization. 21 July 2014. pp. 1– 13. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking Health (2014). The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Surgeon General of the United States. pp. 1– 943.
A National Institute on Drug Abuse video entitled Anyone Can Become Addicted to Drugs. [21]Nicotine dependence is defined as a neurobiological adaptation to repeated drug exposure that is manifested by highly controlled or compulsive use, the development of tolerance, experiencing withdrawal symptoms upon cessation including cravings, and an inability to quit despite harmful effects. [9]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...
The pattern of smoking among youth has had a slightly different trajectory, such that smoking rates for high school students began to increase in the early 1990s and did not begin to decrease until the end of the decade. [6] If the current smoking trends continue, 5.6 million youths alive today will die prematurely. [7]
[33] [34] Nicotine addiction seems to worsen mental health problems, [33] but industry marketing has claimed that nicotine is both less harmful and therapeutic for people with mental illness, and is a form of "self-medication". Marketing has also claimed that quitting will worsen rather than improve mental health symptoms.
However, an association between vaping and subsequent smoking does not necessarily imply a causal gateway effect. [67] Instead, people may have underlying characteristics that predispose them to both activities. [68] [69] There is a genetic association between smoking, vaping, gambling, promiscuity and other risk-taking behaviors. [70]
Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking have been historically associated. [1] [2] [3] Smoking is known to harm the health of people with schizophrenia.[1]Studies across 20 countries showed that people with schizophrenia were much more likely to smoke than those without this diagnosis. [2]