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Aortic rupture is a surgical emergency and has a high mortality even with prompt treatment. Weekend admission for a ruptured aortic aneurysm is associated with increased mortality compared with admission on a weekday, and this is likely due to several factors including a delay in prompt surgical intervention. [16]
Aortic rupture is the breakage of all walls of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition that is considered a medical emergency . [ 1 ] The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously.
Thus traumatic aortic rupture is a common killer in automotive accidents and other traumas, [1] with up to 18% of deaths that occur in automobile collisions being related to the injury. [2] In fact, aortic disruption due to blunt chest trauma is the second leading cause of injury death behind traumatic brain injury .
Patients who have suffered aortic dissection are at risk of Aortic aneurysm formation at the site of the dissection, thought to be due to weakening of the aortic wall. [43] The risk of this aneurysm degeneration is 10 times higher in individuals who have uncontrolled hypertension, compared to individuals with a systolic pressure below 130 mmHg.
Aneurysms may affect the right (65–85%), non-coronary (10–30%), or rarely the left (< 5%) coronary sinus. [1] These aneurysms may not cause any symptoms but if large can cause shortness of breath, palpitations or blackouts. Aortic sinus aneurysms can burst or rupture into adjacent cardiac chambers, which can lead to heart failure if untreated.
The condition can be mimicked by a ruptured cyst of the pericardium, [11] ruptured aortic aneurysm [10] and acute coronary syndrome. [12] Misdiagnosis is estimated at 39% and is associated with delays correct diagnosis and improper treatment with anticoagulants producing excessive bleeding and extended hospital stays. [12]
An aortic aneurysm increases risk of dissection, as do family history and certain genetic syndromes. Triggers. Injury to the chest, extreme strain on the body, drug use and high blood pressure can ...
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is an aortic aneurysm that presents primarily in the thorax. A thoracic aortic aneurysm is the "ballooning" of the upper aspect of the aorta, above the diaphragm. Untreated or unrecognized they can be fatal due to dissection or "popping" of the aneurysm leading to nearly instant death.