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EFCO offers formwork and shoring solutions for all types of concrete construction projects. [1] EFCO, formerly known as Economy Forms Corporation, is headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa , and currently has operations in 12 countries and manufacturing facilities in both Des Moines, Iowa, and Georgetown, Ontario , Canada. [ 2 ]
A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
In the illustration of the column formwork above, the 'column clamps' are closer together at the bottom. Note that the column is braced with steel adjustable 'formwork props' and uses 20 mm 'through bolts' to further support the long side of the column. Some models of "permanent formwork" also can serve as extra reinforcement of the structure.
The design strength or nominal strength is the strength of a material, including a material-safety factor. The value of the safety factor generally ranges from 0.75 to 0.85 in Permissible stress design. The ultimate limit state is the theoretical failure point with a certain probability. It is stated under factored loads and factored resistances.
The height of the ribs and beams should be 1 ⁄ 25 of the span between columns. [3] The width of the solid area around the column should be 1 ⁄ 8 of the span between columns. Its height should be the same as the ribs. [3] Diagram showing waffle slab rib and Beam Heights rule of thumb formulas.
The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...
Completed falsework: Decking and some formwork has been added. The illustrations are of modern pipe-column falsework, used to support the formwork for a post-tensioned reinforced concrete flyover connector for the eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. When the supports are complete, wood beams and plywood or reusable ...
The shop drawings should include information for the architect and engineer to compare to the specifications and drawings. The shop drawing should address the appearance, performance, and prescriptive descriptions in the specifications and construction drawings. [2]