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The first ten weeks of gestational age is the period of embryogenesis and together with the first three weeks of prenatal development make up the first trimester of pregnancy. From the 10th week of gestation (8th week of development), the developing embryo is called a fetus.
Lung bud, the first traits of the lung appear. [1] Hepatic plate, the first traits of the liver appear. [1] Buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures. This is the future mouth. [1] Cystic diverticulum, which will become the gallbladder, and dorsal pancreatic bud, which will become the pancreas appear. [1] Urorectal septum begins to form.
At 20 weeks, the fetus is able to implement feedback mechanisms for the production of thyroid hormones. During fetal development, T 4 is the major thyroid hormone being produced while triiodothyronine (T 3) and its inactive derivative, reverse T 3, are not detected until the third trimester. [2]
Fetal viability refers to a point in fetal development at which the fetus may survive outside the womb. The lower limit of viability is approximately 5 + 3 ⁄ 4 months gestational age and is usually later. [20] There is no sharp limit of development, age, or weight at which a fetus automatically becomes viable. [21]
Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 36 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus.
The heart rate increases, but generally not above 100 beats/ minute. Total systematic vascular resistance decreases by 20% secondary to the vasodilatory effect of progesterone. Overall, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure drops 10–15 mm Hg in the first trimester and then returns to baseline in the second half of pregnancy. [6]
Human pregnancy can be divided into three trimesters, each approximately three months long: the first, second, and third trimester. The first trimester is from the last menstrual period through the 13th week, the second trimester is 14th–28/29th week, and the third trimester is 29/30th–42nd week. [6]
The parts of the fetal brain that control movement will not fully form until late in the second trimester, and the first part of the third trimester. [7] Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary movements develop during the long period up until puberty. [ 8 ]