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Cut glass wine glass made of lead glass. Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass. [1] Lead glass contains typically 18–40% (by mass) lead(II) oxide (PbO), while modern lead crystal, historically also known as flint glass due to the original silica source, contains a minimum of 24% PbO. [2]
Only glass products containing at least 24% lead oxide may be referred to as "lead crystal". Products with less lead oxide, or glass products with other metal oxides used in place of lead oxide, must be labeled "crystallin" or "crystal glass". [4] In the United States it is the opposite - glass is defined as "crystal" if it contains only 1% lead.
How to Identify Glassware. Perhaps the first thing to know is that it is difficult to discern what kind of glass a piece is, according to Robinson, because glass has been produced in so many ...
By the 1870s, glassware could be lead crystal or made from soda-lime, with crystal including lead as a key additive while soda-lime glass excludes lead. Glassware could also be decorated by cutting, engraving, or etching. Bottles continued to be made with low–quality green glass, but some bottles were made with high–quality glass and decorated.
Edinburgh Crystal was a cut glass manufactured in Scotland from c. 1820s [1] to 2006, and was also the name of the manufacturing company. In addition to drinking glasses , Edinburgh Crystal made decanters , bowls , baskets , and bells , in several ranges.
Up-market refined glassware, usually lead crystal, is highly decorated and is revered for its high quality of workmanship, the purity of the metal (molten glass mixture), and the decorative techniques used, most often cutting and gilding. Both techniques continue to be used in the decoration of many pieces made from lead crystal, and nowadays ...