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The M1 Garand or M1 rifle [nb 1] is a semi-automatic rifle that was the service rifle of the U.S. Army during World War II and the Korean War. The rifle is chambered for the .30-06 Springfield cartridge and is named after its Canadian-American designer, John Garand. It was the first standard-issue autoloading rifle for the United States. [14]
The .30-06 cartridge, with the 173 grains (11.2 g) bullet was called cartridge, .30, M1 ball. The .30-06 cartridge was far more powerful than the smaller Japanese 6.5×50mm Arisaka cartridge and comparable to the Japanese 7.7×58mm Arisaka. The new M1 ammunition proved to be significantly more accurate than the M1906 round. [22]
T1EPM = 1344 cartridges .30-06 Tracer M1 (Grade R), 8-round en-bloc clips in bandoleers (6 clips / 48 rounds), 28 bandoleers per metal-lined wooden chest M1917 T1EPP = 480 cartridges .30-06 Tracer M1, 8-round clips in bandoleers (6 clips / 48 rounds), 5 bandoleers per M8 ammo can (240 rounds), 2 × M8 ammo cans per M9 wooden crate.
When first recommended for adoption, M1 Garand rifles were chambered for the .276 Pedersen, which held ten rounds in its unique en-bloc clips. [1] The .276 Pedersen was a shorter, lighter and lower pressure round than the .30-06, which made the design of an autoloading rifle easier than the long, powerful .30-06.
After the .276 Garand rifle was selected over the Pedersen rifle, General Douglas MacArthur came out against changing rifle cartridges, since the Army had vast stockpiles of .30–06 ammunition left over from World War I, the .30-06 would have to be retained for machine gun use, and one cartridge simplified wartime logistics.
In comparison, the .30-06 Springfield ball round used by the M1 Garand is almost three times as powerful as the .30 Carbine, while the carbine round is twice as powerful as the .45 ACP-caliber Thompson submachine gun in common use at the time. As a result, the carbine offers much better range, accuracy and penetration than those submachine guns.
The Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) provides surplus U.S. Army rifles for sale, including the M1 Garand, M1903 and M1903A3 Springfield, M1917 Enfield, M1 Carbine, .22 caliber (surplus and commercial target), and commercial target air rifles to members of affiliated organizations.
The U.S. Army had shown interest in the idea of self-loading (semiautomatic) rifles before World War I. Combat experience during that war had made clear two general points: that the standard caliber .30-06 rifle cartridge was excessively powerful for the ranges (500 yards and less) where infantry combat was likely to take place, and that bolt-action rifles such as the M1903 Springfield were ...