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Spirograph is a geometric drawing device that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. The well-known toy version was developed by British engineer Denys Fisher and first sold in 1965.
The epitrochoid with R = 3, r = 1 and d = 1/2. In geometry, an epitrochoid (/ ɛ p ɪ ˈ t r ɒ k ɔɪ d / or / ɛ p ɪ ˈ t r oʊ k ɔɪ d /) is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius r rolling around the outside of a fixed circle of radius R, where the point is at a distance d from the center of the exterior circle.
The generator is the vertex of the rolling parabola and describes the roulette, shown in red. In this case the roulette is the cissoid of Diocles. [1] Roughly speaking, a roulette is the curve described by a point (called the generator or pole) attached to a given curve as that curve rolls without slipping, along a second given curve that is ...
Specifically, the Spirograph can draw hypotrochoids and epitrochoids. The Pittsburgh Steelers ' logo, which is based on the Steelmark , includes three astroids (hypocycloids of four cusps ). In his weekly NFL.com column "Tuesday Morning Quarterback," Gregg Easterbrook often refers to the Steelers as the Hypocycloids.
A pneumograph, also known as a pneumatograph or spirograph, is a device for recording velocity and force of chest movements during respiration. Principle of operation
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The red curve is a hypotrochoid drawn as the smaller black circle rolls around inside the larger blue circle (parameters are R = 5, r = 3, d = 5).. In geometry, a hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius r rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius R, where the point is a distance d from the center of the interior circle.
Between 1962 and 1964 he developed various drawing machines from Meccano pieces, eventually producing a prototype Spirograph. Patented in 16 countries, it went on sale in Schofields department store in Leeds in 1965. A year later, Fisher licensed Spirograph to Kenner Products in the United States. In 1967 Spirograph was chosen as the UK Toy of ...