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Some people who are infected do not have symptoms. [1] The disease is spread between people by pinworm eggs. [1] The eggs initially occur around the anus and can survive for up to three weeks in the environment. [1] They may be swallowed following contamination of the hands, food, or other articles. [1]
The diagnosis is usually incidental when the host passes a worm in the stool or vomit. The eggs can be seen in a smear of fresh feces examined on a glass slide under a microscope and there are various techniques to concentrate them first or increase their visibility, such as the ether sedimentation method or the Kato technique. The eggs have a ...
The entire process from skin penetration to adult development takes about 5–9 weeks. The female adult worms release eggs (N. americanus about 9,000–10,000 eggs/day and A. duodenale 25,000–30,000 eggs/day), which are passed in the feces of the human host. These eggs hatch in the environment within several days and the cycle starts anew.
Almost the entire body of a gravid female becomes filled with eggs. [23] The estimations of the number of eggs in a gravid female pinworm range from about 11,000 [19] to 16,000. [21] The egg-laying process begins about five weeks after initial ingestion of pinworm eggs by the human host. [19]
Eggs released by adult females are shed in feces. Unfertilized eggs are often observed in fecal samples but never become infective. Fertilized eggs embryonate and become infectious after 18 days to several weeks in soil, depending on the environmental conditions (optimum: moist, warm, shaded soil). [5] Infection occurs when a human swallows ...
These eggs originate from the feces of infected people. [1] Young children playing in such soil and putting their hands in their mouths also become infected easily. [1] The worms live in the large bowel and are about four centimetres in length. [2] Whipworm is diagnosed by seeing the eggs when examining the stool with a microscope. [3]
Hookworm is closely associated with poverty because it is most often found in impoverished areas, and its symptoms promote poverty through the educational and health effects it has on children. [2] It is the leading cause of anemia and undernutrition in developing countries, while being one of the most commonly occurring diseases among poor people.
Eggs are deposited from human feces to soil where, after two to three weeks, they become embryonated and enter the "infective" stage. These embryonated infective eggs are ingested by hand-mouth or through fomites and hatch in the human small intestine , exploiting the intestinal microflora as a stimulus to hatching. [ 4 ]