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Peyer’s patches are small groupings of lymphoid follicles in your small intestine. They play an important role in how your immune system responds to possible infections.
Peyer’s patches are small clusters of lymphatic tissue found in the wall of the small intestine. Specifically, they reside within the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa of the ileum. Peyer's patches act as the immune system's first line of defense against microbial and dietary antigens.
Peyer patches are a group of well-organized lymphoid follicles located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the distal portion of the small intestine—the ileum and jejunum and sometimes in the duodenum. Almost 50% of these patches are in the distal ileum.
Peyer’s patches are rounded areas of lymphoid tissue located in the intestinal lining. The patches use a kind of isolated immune system to target pathogens without involving the body’s full immune response to every foreign body that passes through the intestines, including food particles.
As Peyer's patches are packed with immune cells and produce protective proteins such as secretory IgA to maintain gut balance, their dysfunction can trigger inappropriate immune responses, driving the inflammation and tissue damage characteristic of autoimmune diseases.
Considering the important role of the Peyer’s patches (PPs) in gut immune balance, understanding of the detailed mechanisms that control and regulate the antigens in PPs can facilitate the development of immune therapeutic strategies against the gut inflammatory diseases.
The function of Peyer's patches is to analyze and respond to pathogenic microbes in the ileum. Antigens from microbes in the gut are absorbed via endocytosis by microfold cells lining the surface of each Peyer's patch.