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The upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or upper consolute temperature is the critical temperature above which the components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions. [1] The word upper indicates that the UCST is an upper bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain compositions only.
Coefficients for partition between water and solvents wet/dry solvent c e s a b v source w 1-butanol: 0.376 0.434 -0.718 -0.097 -2.350 2.682 [1]w
The test complements the measurement of glass transition temperature, as an indirect measure of the degree of cure of a composite. It is inexpensive and quick, and provides information on the cure throughout a part. [1]
where is the chemical potential of the pure solvent and is the chemical potential of the solvent in a solution, M A is its molar mass, x A its mole fraction, R the gas constant and T the temperature in Kelvin. [1] The latter osmotic coefficient is sometimes called the rational osmotic coefficient. The values for the two definitions are ...
Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram for two steels: one with 0.4% wt. C (red line) and one with 0.4% wt. C and 2% weight Mn (green line). P = pearlite, B = bainite and M = martensite. Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation ( TTT ) diagrams ) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a ...
For S N 1 reactions the solvent's ability to stabilize the intermediate carbocation is of direct importance to its viability as a suitable solvent. The ability of polar solvents to increase the rate of S N 1 reactions is a result of the polar solvent's solvating the reactant intermediate species, i.e., the carbocation, thereby decreasing the ...
K b, the ebullioscopic constant, which is dependent on the properties of the solvent. It can be calculated as K b = RT b 2 M/ΔH v, where R is the gas constant, and T b is the boiling temperature of the pure solvent [in K], M is the molar mass of the solvent, and ΔH v is the heat of vaporization per mole of the solvent.
The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or lower consolute temperature is the critical temperature below which the components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The word lower indicates that the LCST is a lower bound to a temperature interval of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain compositions only.