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Myeloid cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, are especially implicated in the respiratory burst. [1] They are phagocytic, and the respiratory burst is vital for the subsequent degradation of internalised bacteria or other pathogens. This is an important aspect of the innate immunity.
Neutrophil oxidative burst test (or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) test) is a measure of neutrophil oxidation and is a useful assay in the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease and is also a useful means to determine the overall metabolic integrity of phagocytosing neutrophils. The NADPH oxidase enzyme is missing in CGD. From total ...
Two neutrophils among many red blood cells. Neutrophils are one type of cell affected by chronic granulomatous disease. Phagocytes (i.e. neutrophils and macrophages) require an enzyme to produce reactive oxygen species to destroy bacteria after they are ingested (phagocytosis), a process known as the respiratory burst.
The respiratory burst involves the activation of the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which produces large quantities of superoxide, a reactive oxygen species. Superoxide decays spontaneously or is broken down via enzymes known as superoxide dismutases (Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD), to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to hypochlorous acid (HClO), by the ...
Neutrophils use myeloperoxidase to produce the substances needed for their respiratory burst. [14] Hypochlorous acid and tyrosyl radical are cytotoxic, so they are used by the neutrophil to kill bacteria and certain types of fungi. [14] [15] [16]
Neutrophil granules contain a variety of toxic substances that kill or inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi. Similar to macrophages, neutrophils attack pathogens by activating a respiratory burst. The main products of the neutrophil respiratory burst are strong oxidizing agents including hydrogen peroxide, free oxygen radicals and hypochlorite.
The innate immune system responds quickly to infection, with neutrophils (a type of white blood cells) being the first responders. [1] [2] Neutrophils enter the site of infection and begin to phagocytose (take up) pathogens. [1] [2] [4] Once engulfed, the neutrophils must then degrade the captured pathogens–a process known as intracellular ...
The increase in oxygen consumption, called a respiratory burst, ... Neutrophils also play a key role in the development of most forms of acute lung injury. [128]