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John I (Portuguese: João [1] [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433), also called John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until his death in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in a succession war with Castile, preserving his country's independence and establishing the Aviz (or Joanine) dynasty on the Portuguese throne.
They were made by Leopoldo de Almeida between 1946 and 1950, and dedicated to Afonso Henriques, first King of Portugal that ruled from 1139 to 1185, and John I, King of Portugal from to 1385 to 1433, and founder of the House of Aviz. They were originally placed in the atrium of the Lisbon City Hall, and relocated to their current location in 1997.
John, Duke of Valencia de Campos (c.1349–c.1396), son of Peter I of Portugal and Inês de Castro; John, Constable of Portugal (1400–1442), son of John I of Portugal; John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch (1431–1457), son of Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra; John, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (1451), son of Afonso V of Portugal
The House of Aviz, known as the Joanine Dynasty, succeeded the House of Burgundy as the reigning house of the Kingdom of Portugal. The house was founded by John I of Portugal, who was the Grand Master of the Order of Aviz. When King John II of Portugal died without an heir, the throne of Portugal passed to his cousin, Manuel, Duke of Beja.
The founder of the House of Aviz, King John I of Portugal, was born in 1357 as the illegitimate child of King Pedro I of Portugal, a member of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, and Teresa Lourenço, daughter of a Lisbon merchant. In 1364, at 7 years old, John was made Grand Master of the Order of Aviz, henceforth becoming known as John of Aviz.
With this victory, John of Aviz was recognised as the undisputed king of Portugal as John I, putting an end to the interregnum and anarchy of the 1383–1385 crisis. Recognition from Castile would not arrive until 1411, after another Portuguese victory at the Battle of Valverde , with the signing of the Treaty of Ayllón .
That same year (1418), John and his brother Henry the Navigator led a relief fleet to Ceuta and helped lift the Siege of Ceuta. After the death of Nuno Álvares Pereira in 1431, Infante John was appointed the 3rd Constable of Portugal. As a result, John is frequently characterised by the appellation O Infante Condestável ("The Constable Prince").
Treaty in The National Archives, United Kingdom. The Treaty of Windsor is a diplomatic alliance signed between Portugal and England on 9 May 1386 in Windsor and sealed by the marriage of King John I of Portugal (House of Aviz) to Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. [1]