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Rust fungi grow intracellularly, and make spore-producing fruiting bodies within or, more often, on the surfaces of affected plant parts. [3] Some rust species form perennial systemic infections that may cause plant deformities such as growth retardation, witch's broom , stem canker, galls , or hypertrophy of affected plant parts.
Beach scene with bacterial strains expressing different kinds of fluorescent protein, from the laboratory of the Nobel Prize–winning biochemist Roger Tsien. Microbial art, [1] agar art, [2] or germ art [3] is artwork created by culturing microorganisms in certain patterns. [4]
Aerosol droplets produced by flushing the toilet can mix with the air of the room, [8] larger droplets will settle on surfaces or objects creating fomites (infectious pools) before they can dry, like on a counter top or toothbrush; [7] [10] and can contaminate surfaces such as the toilet seat and handle for hours, which can then be contacted by hands of the next user of that toilet. [3]
Microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. [1]
A poster outlining precautions for airborne transmission in healthcare settings. It is intended to be posted outside rooms of patients with an infection that can spread through airborne transmission. [1] Video explainer on reducing airborne pathogen transmission indoors
Airborne microorganisms also play a role in the formation of the phyllosphere, which is one of the vastest habitats on the Earth's surface [13] involved in nutrient cycling. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The field of bioaerosol research studies the taxonomy and community composition of airborne microbial organisms, also referred to as the air microbiome.
The phyllosphere includes the total aerial (above-ground) surface of a plant, and as such includes the surface of the stem, flowers and fruit, but most particularly the leaf surfaces. Compared with the rhizosphere and the endosphere the phyllosphere is nutrient poor and its environment more dynamic.